Assignment: Advanced Information Management and the Application of Technology ESSAY

Assignment: Advanced Information Management and the Application of Technology

Assignment: Advanced Information Management and the Application of Technology

The current assignment will explore on mHealth as the health information system (HIS) to offer services in a satellite facility. The application of wireless and mobile technologies to assist in the attainment of healthcare objectives (mHealth) is the future for the industry. The reason for choosing this technology is due to the rapid advancement in mobile applications and technologies, advancement in the use of mobile cellular networks, and emerging opportunities to integrate mobile health with the present eHealth services. World Health Organization explains that the number of wireless subscribers has increased globally where there are approximately 5 billion subscribers (World Health Organization, 2011). As an informatics nurse specialist, I will explore the implementation of mHealth by exploring the: advantages and disadvantages, impact on patient care and communication, HITECH and HIPPA security standards and regulations, protection of patient privacy, and the involved team.

Cost is a bigger problem when looking at mHealth from a scalability standpoint. Mobile health technologies that are built on client/server systems rely on local networks to function (Tomlinson et al., 2013). Their scalability requires larger and larger networks. The service and maintenance of local networks lead to high costs. However, cloud computing is beneficial in terms of on-demand scalability. It opens the ability of a client to scale the front ends of their mobile as well as the ability to ease mobile workloads. However, to attain scalability, Tomlinson recommends the establishment of open mHealth architecture through the use of a robust platform to develop the app (Tomlinson et al., 2013).

1. Compatibility

In terms of compatibility, mHealth will connect to the EHR and the healthcare provider to improve the speed and ease of contact. The technology will have the ability to collect patient’s data, store, and ease the intervention and monitoring process. Ventola (2014) provides that efficiency is promoted by the compatibility of mHealth iOS and android, SkyDrive stores information in the cloud, Google Drive that promotes the management, sharing, and uploading of Google Dos, and Dropbox. All these elements allow the connectivity with the EHR, increases speed as well as the accessibility of information. One major disadvantage is that not all mobile phone apps will operate on all phone types. A good number of patients in low-income countries still use non-smartphones which cannot support most of mhealth services. Several operating systems exist such as Apple iOS, Symbian, Android, MeeGo, windows phones, bada, and RIM BlackBerry (Xtellegient Healthcare Media, 2019). Some mobile apps might not be compatible with one or two of the operating systems.

III. Interoperability

In the aspect of interoperability, mHealth creates an environment where health providers and organizations can easily share and access medical information where due to streamlined workflows, lowers costs, greater efficiency, better patient engagement, trusted healthcare coordination, and universal data exchange, it improves medical outcome while streamlining care coordination (Sharma, 2017). However, there are several challenges associated with mHealth and the major is protection privacy as well as its integration to EHR causing a challenge in terms of interoperability (Mohr et al, 2014).

1. Usability

MHealth is advantageous in terms of usability as it allows a health facility to set the gadgets based on the type of target users: either healthcare providers or patients. The patients use mHealth apps to manage, improve or maintain their health while health providers use mHealth to deliver healthcare services like patient education, consultation, laboratory ordering, and prescription (Cho et al., 2018). The advantage of usability in mHealth is in the aspect of the interaction between health providers and the patient where the facility can either use standalone mHealth apps or interactive mHealth apps. In standalone mHealth apps the users can collect/enter/store their health data in their apps, while interactive mHealth apps, the health providers, and the patients directly communicate through synchronous or asynchronous (Zhou et al., 2019). Lack of education and knowledge on how to use these mobile apps have been a major problem for patients. Also, connectivity problems and ineffective mobile apps have discouraged patients from using mhealth services.

A2: Patient Care and Documentation

Mobile health technology improves patient care through the promotion of effective physician-patient communication, increased access to health information, reduced waiting time, and improved payment of medical services. With mHealth, patients can make appointments with medical specialists and monitor queues to ensure they arrive in hospital in time (Lavin, Harper, & Barr, 2015). Additionally, they can also use mobile apps to pay for their medical services without staying in long queues after undergoing their medical tests and diagnostic procedures. Mobile health improves the relationship between the patient and the physician by creating an effective communication channel. It allows the patient to communicate with their caregivers before and after their medical appointments (Dupuis & Tsotsos, 2018). Mobile health improves documentation by allowing patients to easily access their medical information. Patients can access doctors’ recommendations, prescribed drugs, diagnosis, and treatment options through their phones. With mHealth, the patient information is private and secured such that no alterations can be made by unauthorized individuals (Ventola, 2014). mHealth is connected to EHR systems with different forms and templates for the unique needs of the practice.

A3: Quality and Delivery of Nursing Care and Patient Outcomes

mHealth promotes the accessibility of accurate and complete healthcare information as it is connected to EHR where health professionals pass medical care to patients. In terms of patient outcomes, mHealth promotes medication adherence by reminding patients, follow-up, and information on intervention and management of health conditions thus promoting patients’ outcomes. Also, mHealth provides an avenue for patients and physicians to interact with increasing patients’ engagement. According to Gaglani and Topol, increased patients engagement increases their health outcomes (Gaglani & Topol, 2014).

Besides, a closer interaction between health professionals and patients increases the likelihood and success of follow-up interventions as well as transition care. Lastly, some smartphone-based scales will promote the delivery of quality care including thermometers, ultrasound probes, ophthalmoscopes, otoscopes, stethoscopes, electroencephalography (EEG) headsets, electrocardiography (ECG) monitors, urinalysis, breathalyzers, spirometers, pulse oximeters, and sphygmomanometers. Delivery of quality care is enhanced by documentation and order entry which eliminates medical errors by adequately documenting nursing care (Gaglani & Topol, 2014).

B1: Ways QI Data Can Lead to Measurable Improvement

Hospitals experience several oppressing problems, hence, quality improvement data is essential to help solve such issues. For instance, a hospital may use quality improvement data to improve screening services among women with breast cancer to reduce morbidity and mortality. Providing effective screening recommendations will lead to the improvement of care services and the health status of breast cancer patients. The second example involves using quality improvement data to prevent costs associated with medical errors, system failure, and poor outcomes (Gaglani & Topol, 2014). Cost is a barrier to good medical services. Affordable services make hospitals more accessible and raise the health status of patients. Without reliable quality improvement data, it will be difficult to monitor, assess, and improve patient care.

B2: HITECH and HIPAA Security Standards and Regulations

One of the emerging elements in the digitalized world is the aspect of interoperability which has been debated due to the introduction of electronic health records (EHR). This has led the government agencies, healthcare providers, and committees to promote and campaign for the easy and secure exchange of data. The agencies introduced the HIPAA and the HITECH Act of 2009 to restrict the exchange of health data. The team will ensure that mHealth will comply with HIPAA, HITECH and mHealth Mandates (Luxton, Kayl, & Mishkind, 2012).

Data backup and recovery are crucial elements in the health industry to hasten data recall during natural disasters and cyberattacks. This requires the facility to develop a HIPAA compliant backup and data recovery plan by identifying some of the tools required for implementation, training and identify the most appropriate backup source (Luxton, Kayl, & Mishkind, 2012). To ensure data back-up in mHealth, the providers should copy and store the data in the cloud for future retrievals. In terms of data recovery, health data should be backed up to restore and utilize in the future. Lastly, the facility should include applications online to reduce interruptions during attacks.

B3: Protection of Patient Privacy

The first aspect of protection of patient privacy is on the elements of data sharing and concent management. Due to the fact of mHealth to collect a broad range of information which requires providers to seek consent on personal health information (PHI). Regarding the aspect of access control and authentication, mHealth uses smartphones and tablets and it is highly probable the user is the owner of the device. Kotz explains the ongoing trends of wearables on mHealth calls for strategies to identify the wearer which can be attained through biometric sensing on the device (Kotz et al., 2016). Subject to access control policies, there is a need to maintain confidentiality and anonymity which is promoted by real-time audio processing which extracts only the relevant information. Kotz et al. (2016) states that mHealth uses authentication mechanisms and cryptographic protections on data at rest and in transit hence promoting high-integrity data and services.

B4: Organizational Efficiency and Productivity

Introducing mHealth will be beneficial both to the patients and to the organization. mHealth has advanced the advantages of EHR in the delivery of care. Mobile health is directly connected to EHR but rather than using computers, it relies on mobile phones and tablets that are portable. mHealth is beneficial in the aspect of standardizing documentation in the health facility where several health professionals can access data and continue the provision of care to a patient (Mohr et al., 2014).  mHealth improves the cumbersome physician query process by providing a system with accurate billing processes and medical records as well as reduces stress among health care providers . The traditional process applied CDI coders and specialists too for clarity of uncertainties but mHealth promotes efficiency and productivity by ensuring physicians’ notes are complete and accurate for documentations.

The second benefit is reducing waste which is eliminated by advancing from paper records and transitioning to technology. All forms, including follow-ups forms and home-based care, are replaced by the system. The core reason for introducing mHealth in the organization is to increase the accessibility of population, communicate within departments, promote follow-ups and encourage transition care (Mohr et al., 2014). All these elements will increase productivity within the organization. Lastly, mHealth will benefit the aspect of human and capital resources where the health records team will be reduced. Besides mHealth uses documentation queries by applying cloud-based and mobile tools which not only reduces errors but also promotes efficiency.

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While implementing a health information system (HIS), the manager requires coordinating the team members for the success of the project. As a project manager, it is my responsibility to select the team. I will employ an integrated team that will include nurses,

physicians, technological and the administration staff (Matthew-Maich et al., 2016). The first member will be a Registered Nurse with a specialty in nursing informatics and will act as the team leader. The RN is the most appropriate leader due to her expertise in the provision of care and informatics. Professionally, she holds a master’s degree in Nursing Informatics.

For integration purposes, the team will include a physician who will play part in the project and offer training to other physicians on the need, use, and importance of mHealth in the facility. While selecting the physician, he/she should have background knowledge in technology, above 15 years’ experience and with working experience in the facility for at least three years. The expertise and experience in the facility will promote acceptance of the technology (Matthew-Maich et al., 2016). The committee will include two Chief Medical Information Officers from each facility who will provide the technological know-how of the EHR in their companies and discuss how the smartphones and tablets will discuss to integrate them.

The fourth member is a medical assistant who will be in charge of administrative procedures and will provide the team with administration information like billing, hospital admission and laboratory services (Matthew-Maich et al., 2016). Following an interdisciplinary approach in a health information system will increase teamwork, effectiveness, collaboration, cohesiveness, and communication. The diversity of the industry will promote the acceptability of the technology.

D: Plan for Evaluating Success of Implementing a System

Several professional organizations provide standards for evaluating the success of health information technology have been established. For instance, both the American Nursing Information Association (ANIA) and the American Nurses Association (ANA) believe in the use of incident reporting tools to evaluate EHR (Matthew-Maich et al., 2016). The organizations recommend that hospitals promote the use of the tool to report medical errors and unsafe behaviors. Nurses and axillary members submit the incident tool for any unsafe issues or medical errors. The risk management team together with nursing informaticist collect quality metric data every week to identify areas of improvement. The data collected shows whether the error occurred due to human error or system used.

This is a revision. Below are the areas that need revision. I will be uploading the original paper.

A1. Advantages and Disadvantages of a System
-Approaching CompetenceThe summary lacks key details about the advantages or disadvantages of a health information system, or the summary contains inaccuracies about 1 or more of the given points.
-The advantages of mHealth are feasibly summarized related to usability, interoperability, scalability, and compatibility and the disadvantages of interoperability are logically discussed related to privacy concerns. A clear summary of the disadvantages of a system related to usability, scalability, and compatibility is not evident.

A2. Patient Care and Documentation
-Approaching CompetenceThe description is illogical or lacks key details about how a system will affect patient care or documentation or both.
-A limited description stating that mHealth will improve documentation, decrease medication errors, and track health information is noted. A clear description of ”how” a system will affect both patient care and documentation needs further development with supportive details provided.

B1. Ways QI Data Can Lead to Measurable Improvement
-Approaching CompetenceThe submission is missing information about how QI data collected from a system can lead to measureable improvement in health care services and the health status of targeted patient groups.
-A thoughtful description of smartphone ultrasounds and endoscopic information related to antenatal visits is found. Two examples of how quality improvement data ”collected from a health information system” that can lead to measurable improvements in the healthcare services and the health status of targeted patient groups are not provided.

D. Plan for Evaluating Success of Implementing a System
-Approaching CompetenceThe discussion lacks key details about the plan to evaluate the success of implementing a system, or the discussion illogically incorporates 1 or more of the required professional organization standards.
-Standardized messaging formats, interoperability, and privacy are aptly discussed. A plan to evaluate system implementation success and logically incorporating two ”professional organization standards” could not be located.

E. Sources
-Approaching CompetenceThe submission includes in-text citations for sources that are quoted, paraphrased, or summarized, and a reference list; however, the citations and/or reference list is incomplete or inaccurate.
-A reference list is clearly provided, however, multiple sources are missing source locations. Please provide a complete reference list and include source locations. The omission of source locations impacts the retrievability of the source and deviates from APA style. For specific instructions on in-text and reference list citations, please click the link located in the rubric item ”Sources.” Please contact the WGU Writing Center if further assistance is needed.

Professional Communication
-Approaching CompetenceContent is poorly organized, is difficult to follow, or contains errors in mechanics, usage, or grammar that cause confusion. Terminology is misused or ineffective.
-This aspect has been evaluated by a Professional Communication evaluator, and a comprehensive summary of the evaluation outcome can be found in the overall comment. The evaluation includes a markup document featuring examples of the most pervasive errors relating to this rubric aspect. Please review the overall comment and the attached markup for details regarding the writing errors identified.

THIS IS THE ASSIGNMENT

INTRODUCTION
Current and emerging technologies in healthcare provide nurses with the opportunity to improve patient outcomes through ever-increasing access to data and evidence. Information support systems affect decisions made at both the point of care and the organizational levels. Nurses who are prepared at the master’s level fill a key role in leading unit and organizational change that incorporates these emerging technologies to promote patient safety and enhance quality of care.
SCENARIO
You are an informatics nurse specialist working in a healthcare organization that is merging with another organization of comparable size. As a result of the merger, funds have been designated to offer services in a satellite facility. You are responsible to lead the project committee in implementing a health information system (HIS) that meets current HITECH and HIPAA Security and Privacy regulatory requirements.
REQUIREMENTS
Your submission must be your original work. No more than a combined total of 30% of the submission and no more than a 10% match to any one individual source can be directly quoted or closely paraphrased from sources, even if cited correctly. An originality report is provided when you submit your task that can be used as a guide.

Professional Communications is a required aspect to pass this task. Completion of a spell check and grammar check prior to submitting your final work is strongly recommended.

You must use the rubric to direct the creation of your submission because it provides detailed criteria that will be used to evaluate your work. Each requirement below may be evaluated by more than one rubric aspect. The rubric aspect titles may contain hyperlinks to relevant portions of the course.

A. Discuss and analyze health information systems by doing the following:
1. Summarize advantages and disadvantages of a system, including the following:
• usability
• interoperability
• scalability
• compatibility
2. Describe how a system will affect patient care and documentation.
3. Explain how using a system to access information will affect the quality and delivery of nursing care and patient outcomes.

B. Discuss how a system will benefit the organization by addressing the following:
1. Provide two ways that quality improvement (QI) data collected from a system can lead to measurable improvement in health care services and the health status of targeted patient groups.
2. Explain how a system will meet HITECH and HIPAA security standards and regulations, including the following:
• data storage integrity
• data backup and recovery
3. Explain how a system will protect patient privacy.
4. Describe how adopting a system will improve organizational efficiency and productivity by addressing the following factors to the organization, including the following:
• standardizing documentation
• reducing waste
• increasing productivity
• human and capital resource

C. Describe four essential stakeholder roles needed to form an interdisciplinary team to work on a system implementation, including the following:
• each team member’s title in the organization
• each team member’s role in the implementation of the health information system
• each team member’s expertise and how it contributes to the success of the project

D. Discuss your plan for evaluating the success of the implementation of a system by incorporating two professional organization standards.

E. Acknowledge sources, using in-text citations and references, for content that is quoted, paraphrased, or summarized.

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Assignment: Advanced Information Management and the Application of Technology ESSAY

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