Assignment: Diverse Culture Essay

Assignment: Diverse Culture Essay

Assignment: Diverse Culture Essay

Identify three socioeconomic factors that influence the health of the Gaborra family

Income: The income that Pablo and Olga get from their work picking vegetables influence their health-seeking behaviors and ability to afford treatment.

Level of education: Both Pablo and Olga have a low level of education, and this significantly determines their ability to understand the severity of their health education and seek healthcare services.

Housing: The family lives in substandard housing, which may negatively affect the health of the individuals.

2. Name three Health-teaching interventions that the health-care provider might use to encourage Olga to seek treatment for her Anemia

• Teaching on the importance of treating anemia to the health of the patient.
• Teaching the client about the health complications caused by chronic anemia if left untreated.
• Using case examples of past experiences with anemic patients, how they were treated, and their disease prognosis or how patients that failed to seek treatment had adverse health outcomes.

3. Identify strategies to help improve communication in English for the Gaborra family

• Recommend the family members to try having English conversations at home to improve their speaking skills and learn from each other.
• Listen to English movies, TV shows, and music and write down the new words they have learned.
• Encourage the parents to buy storybooks with simple English words for the children to practice reading.
• Encouraging them to read English newspapers and magazines to improve their vocabulary.

4. Identify three health teaching goals for the Gaborra family

• Improve health-seeking behaviors: The first goal is to improve the family’s health-seeking behaviors by educating them on the importance of seeking healthcare and the negative consequences of failing to seek healthcare.
• Preventing diseases: The family should be taught how to prevent diseases caused by infections such as diarrhea and how to avoid transmitting conditions such as TB.
• Preventing health complications: Health education should aim at preventing complications from current health conditions. For instance, Pablo has TB, which, if not adequately treated, may cause mortality and may also be transmitted to other family members.

5. Three interventions Olga must learn regarding fluid balance for the infant, Linda

• She should learn to provide the child with adequate oral fluids to maintain hydration.
• Monitor the frequency of passing stool and the quantity of stool to detect imbalances between input and the output and learn to recognize signs of dehydration.
• Self-management of diarrhea at home by administering oral rehydrating salts when the child experiences diarrhea.

6. Discuss three preventive maintenance-teaching activities that respect the Gaborra’s family belief in the hot and cold theory of disease management

Consumption of fruits deemed as “cold” to boost the immune system and prevent infections, which are referred to as “hot.” The other strategy entails intake of plenty of water, which is considered “cold” in managing Diarrhea which is deemed as a “hot” disease and will promote a balance between hot and cold (Velasco-Mondragon et al., 2016). Lastly, the family can be taught on how to manage some conditions at home using simple remedies. For example, ways to manage a child’s fever referred to as “hot” by exposing the baby “cold.”

7. Identify strategies for obtaining health data for the Gaborra family

• Interviews: Interviewing family members using open-ended questions to elicit information about their health status and health maintenance measures.
• Observation: Observing the family’s health condition and health maintenance practices.
• Using questionnaires: Questionnaires can be used to ask questions regarding the family’s health condition and concerns.

8. Identify four major health problems of Mexican Americans that affect the Gaborra family

• Chronic lower respiratory disease- Pablo has Tuberculosis
• Alcoholism- Rodolpho is a heavily drinks beer.
• Inaccessibility to quality health care.
• Illegal immigration status limits them from having a government insurance cover.

9. If Olga were to seek a folk practitioner, which one would she seek?

Olga would seek a Yerbero who is a folk practitioner with knowledge in the use of herbs and plants as treatment remedies (Velasco-Mondragon et al., 2016). Since the Gaborra family use herbal medicines, the Yerbero may recommend the best herbs to treat anemia.

10. Explain the concept of familism as exhibited in this family

Familism is a traditional Hispanic cultural value that directs the norms, beliefs, and expectations of a family. A key characteristic of familism is the subjugation of a person’s needs to the needs of a family (Stein et al., 2014). Other aspects include obedience and respect for those in authority in the family and having family responsibilities. Familism is demonstrated in this family by children failing to attend school so that they can help pick vegetables and Olga’s sisters taking turns to look after the baby on the farm. It is also exhibited when the family visits their relatives and friends with many gifts and when Pablo fails to go for drug refills to pick vegetables in the farm.

11. Distinguish Between the two culture-bound syndromes el ataque and susto

El ataque is translated as an attack of the nerves and manifest with a range of symptoms, for example, uncontrollable shouting, screaming or crying, convulsion, trembling, jerky movements in the extremities, verbal and physical aggression, shortness of breath and palpitations (Nogueira, Mari, & Razzouk, 2015). On the other hand, Susto is a condition characterized by being frightened and chronic somatic suffering as a result of emotional trauma or from seeing traumatic events lived by others (Nogueira, Mari & Razzouk, 2015). Symptoms of susto include nervousness, listlessness, insomnia, anorexia, diarrhea, and depression.

12. Discuss culturally conscious health-care advice consistent with the health-belief practices of a pregnant Mexican American woman

Consumption of plenty of fruits and vegetables to boost the immune system. Pregnancy is thought to be a “hot” state, while fruits and vegetables are deemed to be “cold.” Advising a pregnant woman to take plenty of fruits and vegetables will be in line with the hot and cold balance belief.

Advising the woman to attend antenatal clinics for examination and detection of danger signs of pregnancy. According to Mexican practices, a pregnant woman should have a massage that is done by a traditional healer and prepares the baby for delivery. Recommending the pregnant woman to attend antenatal examinations will be consistent with Mexican cultural practices.

13. Discuss two interventions to encourage Mexican-American clients with tuberculosis to keep clinic appointments and to comply with the prescribed medication regimen

Providing patient education on the complications of tuberculosis to the overall health of the patient and to the family as it can be transmitted to them (Liu et al., 2014). The patient can be given cases of past patients who had TB, how the disease was treated, and the success of the treatment.

Having a reminder system that can be in the form of letters or telephone calls that remind the clients of their next clinic appointments and home visits when they miss an appointment (Liu et al., 2014).

14. Identify where the majority of Mexican Americans have settled in the United States

A Majority of Mexican Americans live in the Southwest states. Texas has the highest population, with 31.6% of the total population (Perez-Soria, 2017). California comes second with 30.7%, followed by New Mexico 28.7%, and Arizona 25.9%.

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Puerto Rican Case Study

1. Explain Mrs. Medina’s attitude in her relationship with her adolescent daughter.

Mrs. Medina has an ineffective relationship with her daughter, as evident by Rosa avoiding to talk with her. She has an authoritative

parent since she does not allow her daughter to work outside so that she can perform her responsibilities at home. Mrs. Medina’s authoritative ad harsh nature may be the reason Rosa has not informed her of the pregnancy. It is also the cause of Rosa planning to drop out of school, get a job, and leave home.

2. Identify strategies to ensure that Rosa seeks prenatal care

• Educating Rosa on the importance of attending prenatal care visits such as the detection of complications and assessing the wellbeing of the mother and the fetus.
• Attending to her in youth-friendly facilities where she will be attended to by young healthcare providers to avoid stigmatization.
• Recommending her to a counselor for counseling services during her pregnancy.

3. Identify barriers to accessing healthcare for the Medina family

• Low income contributing to inadequate finances, which may limit them from accessing specialized care, which may not be catered for by the insurance cover.
• Poor health-seeking behaviors, as exhibited by Mr. and Mrs. Medina.
• Ethnic background, Hispanic immigrants have limited access to healthcare due to low income and language barriers.

4. What are the high-risk behaviors exhibited by this family

• Cigarette smoking by Miguel and Mr. Medina.
• Daily drinking of alcohol by Mr. Medina.
• Poor health-seeking behaviors demonstrated by Mr. and Mrs. Medina.

5. What communication barriers exist in this family that affect care delivery

• Language barrier with Mrs. Medina’s parents might affect communication with the health care provider and the overall quality of care.
• Psychological barriers among the family members, such as stress evident by Mr. and Mrs. Medina.
• Cultural differences if the healthcare provider does not understand the family’s cultural background, beliefs, and practices.

6. Discuss gender and family roles in the context of traditional Puerto Rican culture

Traditionally, women in Puerto Rica culture were responsible for performing domestic duties such as cleaning, cooking, and household chores. Men were the family’s breadwinner and were considered superior in the family above women (Medina & AETC, 2014). Women were subordinates to their husbands and had the roles of serving their husbands, bearing and raising children. In the family, the father or husband is the protector, decision-maker, and protector of the family (Medina & AETC, 2014). The woman holds the family together, is the primary caregiver, and takes up the major role of parenting.

7. Identify sociodemographic factors affecting the physical and mental health well-being of this family

• Age: Aging has predisposed Mrs. Medina’s parents to ill-health.
• Ethnicity: Hispanic communities tend to be inaccessible to quality health care, and this may be the reason for poor physical and mental well-being.
• Level of education: A low-level of education is associated with poor health. The family having a low-level of education may be the cause of poor health.
• Size of the family: Having a large number of dependents could be the cause of physical and mental disturbances in Mrs. Medina.
• Religion: Mrs. Medina’s religious beliefs could be limiting her from seeking health care.

8. Identify Puerto Rican folk practices appropriate for this family

Use of herbal medicines as a supplementary therapy to modern medicine. The family can use herbs to help manage medical conditions like hypertension, allergies, colds, and gastrointestinal illnesses (Medina & AETC, 2014). For example, Mrs. Medina can use lettuce to resolve insomnia and mint and sesame seeds as relaxants for the fatigue.

9. If the Medinas were to visit a folk healer, which ones do you think they would visit? Why?

The Medinas are likely to visit an Espiritista healer who helps in healing emotional problems. Espiritismo is a belief where the Espiritista communicates with the spirit world who they believe they are involved with material things in life (Velasco-Mondragon et al., 2016). The Medina family is facing financial problems and are likely to consult an Espiritista healer who may help them resolve their issues.

10. If Mrs. Medina’s parents visit a health-care provider, what might they expect?

There might be a language barrier, and this may limit the healthcare provider from understanding their symptoms and making a definitive diagnosis.

11. Identify culturally congruent interventions to ensure compliance with Western health prescriptions for Mr. Medina.

• Informing Mr. Medina of the mechanism of action, benefits, and potential side effects of the drugs so that he makes an informed choice of taking the medication.
• Providing health education on the importance of compliance with modern medication to help in lowering the blood pressure and avoiding complications of hypertension such as cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases.
• Recommending the patient to supplement the hypertension medication with cultural herbs known to lower blood pressure as part of the treatment regimen.
• Having the family members remind him to take his medication and attend hypertension clinic appointments and also involving them in the client’s treatment plan.

12. Discuss the importance of respeto and familism in the Medina family?

Respeto is a cultural value among Puerto Ricans that stresses on obedience and states that children should be highly respectful of adults and should not interrupt or argue with them (Medina & AETC, 2014). Similarly, familism emphasizes on having family responsibilities and showing obedience and respect to those in authority (Stein et al., 2014). Respeto and familism are important in ensuring that the children respect the figures of authority in the family. They have also dictated Rosa’s responsibilities at home and have limited her from getting a job as well as Mrs. Medina’s responsibilities towards taking care of her parents during old age.

13. Identify culturally congruent interventions for Rosa’s pregnancy

• Advising Rosa to talk to her grandmother about her condition.
• Providing health education and counseling on the importance of attending prenatal clinics to detect complications of pregnancy and ensure a healthy outcome.
• Nutrition counseling on taking a healthy diet composed of foods that are locally available and culturally acceptable.
• Referring Rosa to a counseling psychologist for counseling services and help her cope with her condition.

14. Identify health-promotion and disease-prevention interventions needed for Jose

• Maintain warmth during cold seasons to avoid colds.
• Avoid allergens such as cold, dust mites, and smoke, which trigger sinus allergies.
• Advising the mother to take the child for well-child clinics as per the schedule and Influenza vaccination annually.
• Ensure adherence to treatment to avoid recurrent respiratory infections.

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