Infection & Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Essay

Infection & Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

The number of the question corresponds to the same-numbered
outcome at the beginning of the chapter.
1. Emerging infections can affect health care by (select all that apply)
a. revealing antibiotic resistance.
b. generating scientific discoveries.
c. creating a strain on limited resources.
d. challenging established medical traditions.
e. limiting travel options for nursing personnel.
2. Which antibiotic-resistant organisms cannot be killed by normal
hand soap?
a. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci
b. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
c. Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae
d. β-Lactamase–producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
3. Transmission of HIV from an infected individual to another most
commonly occurs as a result of
a. unprotected anal or vaginal sexual intercourse.
b. low levels of virus in the blood and high levels of CD4+
T cells.
c. transmission from mother to infant during labor and delivery
and breastfeeding.
d. sharing of drug-using equipment, including needles, syringes,
pipes, and straws.
4. During HIV infection
a. the virus replicates mainly in B-cells before spreading to CD4+
T cells.
b. infection of monocytes may occur, but antibodies quickly
destroy these cells.
c. the immune system is impaired predominantly by the eventual
widespread destruction of CD4+
T cells.
d. a long period of dormancy develops during which HIV cannot
be found in the blood and there is little viral replication.
5. Which statements accurately describe HIV infection (select all
that apply)?
a. Untreated HIV infection has a predictable pattern of progression.
b. Late chronic HIV infection is called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
c. Untreated HIV infection can remain in the early chronic stage
for a decade or more.
d. Untreated HIV infection usually remains in the early chronic
stage for 1 year or less.
e. Opportunistic diseases occur more often when the CD4+
T cell
count is high and the viral load is low.
6. A diagnosis of AIDS is made when an HIV-infected patient has
a. a CD4+
T cell count below 200/µL.
b. a high level of HIV in the blood and saliva.
c. lipodystrophy with metabolic abnormalities.
d. oral hairy leukoplakia, an infection caused by Epstein-Barr
virus.

Infection & Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Essay

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