Pandemic & students’ relationship to technology ESSAY

Pandemic & students’ relationship to technology

For this assignment, you will create your own prompt in the form of a research question. You will extend your knowledge from the last essay to take a position (support an argument) on a topic relating either education and intelligence OR education and technology. You must use credible sources to support your position and address counterarguments.

Some ideas for starting your paths of inquiry:

How is emotional intelligence taught in school?
How has the pandemic changed students’ relationship to technology?
Does teaching multiple intelligences leads to success?
Are there new uses for digital technology since White and Le Cornu were writing and how would those uses be characterized in terms of a typology?
About the Assignment
This essay will challenge your ability to design your own path of inquiry based on your interest in a topic related to the course. This is a skill that will be valuable to you in other, essay-writing courses where instructors will often ask you to “write an essay about X” with little other instruction. The essay will challenge your ability to create a research question, focus your topic, do original research in the library, evaluate sources, devise an argument with the information gleaned from that research, and synthesize information from multiple sources in order to support that argument. A thorough understanding of each of your readings will be required to write a well-developed, argumentative, research essay.

Grade
The essay and portfolio together will make up 20% of your total grade. Please see the syllabus for further information about assessment in the course.

Guidelines
The essay must be between 1500-2000 words (5-7 pages), conform to the conventions of standard English and grammar, and follow MLA style. The paper must be double-spaced, typed in a 12-point standard font (such as Times New Roman or Arial), and have 1” margins.

For this essay, you will be required to conduct original research. The essay must incorporate at least 6 sources. Part of that research must be conducted “at” the library. To meet the requirements for this essay:

You must incorporate at least one source that you used in essays #1 or #2
You must incorporate at least 3 sources that were not assigned in class and are obtained through the GCC library databases
You must include at least 1 interview source (see instructions below)
The remaining required source can come from our class materials, from your own research, or be an additional interview
There is no upper limit to the number of sources you can incorporate. Therefore, if you would like to incorporate all 5 sources from class, you are free to do so as long as all other requirements for sources are met.

The “interview source” must be an interview conducted with someone who has some relationship to your topic. This might be a parent who is overseeing their children’s remote education, a student who is enrolled in school, a teacher, a school administrator or counselor, a librarian or paraeducator, etc. For the purposes of this essay, your interviewee MUST BE AT LEAST 18 years of age.

You must use an inquiry-based research process in order to write this essay. That means that you must develop a research question, read a variety of texts to attempt to answer this research question, develop your own answer to the question which can be supported through careful consideration of your research, and write a convincing argumentative paper presenting that position through the use of a clear thesis statement and thoughtfully incorporated evidence. You should NOT begin with a position. If you already have an answer to your research question before you begin your research, you are not really doing research you are simply finding sources that support your beliefs.

The essay must include a clear thesis sentence which appears early in the essay and clearly states the essay’s argument. It should also address logical counterarguments to your position. It should address all of the key features of an argumentative essay as outlined in class and it should have an original title. Please see the Rubric for further explanation about how the essay will be evaluated.

Due Dates
For this essay, the secondary readings will be found by you rather than assigned by me. Therefore, I have developed a series of checkpoints between now and the final essay due date in order to ensure progress in your research.

Research Proposal Due on Thursday, November 11th
Your research proposal is a chance to tell me about the research you plan to conduct in time to get feedback and direction before you start researching. It should answer all of the following questions:

What is the research question your essay will address? How did you arrive at this research question?
How does this research question relate to the readings that you wrote about for essay #2? Will you be incorporating Dweck’s Mindset reading? If so, why is that reading relevant?
What types of sources will you be seeking to answer your research question? What search tools do you plan to use?
Who do you plan to interview for this essay and why is that person (or those people) appropriate interview subjects.
Why is this research question important to consider? Who does it matter to and why?
What do you hypothesize will be the answer to your research question? Why do you think this?
The research question should be well-focused, open-ended, and allow sufficient room for inquiry and discovery. It should be clearly related to the readings that we have completed regarding intelligence or digital technology.

The research proposal must be typed, double-spaced, and follow the conventions of MLA format. The proposal should have a project name (which may or may not become the title of your essay) and it should be between 400-600 words (~2 pages).

Annotated Source Texts Due on November 18th and 19th
When we were reading our scholarly sources for the Analysis and Comparison essay, we learned to annotate source texts. Just as you annotated the texts provided to you in class, you will now annotate texts that you provide in support of your research. While you are doing your research, you should be performing close readings of all the sources you are identifying.

Your task here is to perform a close reading and annotation of a text that you have found to use in your essay and to upload the annotated copy of that source text to Canvas. You will upload 3 annotated source texts by November 18th and 2 more by November 19th. Note: this is 2 more sources than will be required for your essay. This is because often times we do not include every source in the final essay.

You can use the free Adobe Acrobat reader to annotate PDFs or you may use the free Microsoft OneNote application to annotate your texts. I do not recommend using Google Drive for this because your comments will not properly appear when uploaded to Canvas. If your texts do not appear to have highlights and comments on them in Canvas, you will not get credit for the assignment. For more information about how to annotate, see the Annotating Sources and the Annotated Bibliography page.

Interview Permission(s) Due by Class Time on November 19th
For every person that you interview, you will submit a “permission” from them. This will outline what they are agreeing to in both participating in the interview and their personal information that they allow you to use in your essay. Please note: an interview that is incorporated without permission will be discounted from your essay. Your essay will then be found to be missing one source and will likely be less convincing of an argument.

Annotated Bibliography Due by Class Time on November 23rd
The annotated bibliography is a list of the sources that you have found during your research. When you are researching, identify the different perspectives on your topic. While you are researching, consider

What conversation already exists about your topic?
Are you saying something new or aligning with existing viewpoints?
Who are the authorities on the topic? What makes them authorities?
What are the various stances on your topic?
Remember to keep very good records of your research as you are conducting it so that you are not scrambling when it comes time to write your annotated bibliography and your works cited page.

Your annotated bibliography must be typed, double-spaced, and include at least 5 sources that we have not read in class. Note: this is 2 more than is required in the final essay. However, it is important that you find at least this many sources as often times we do not include every source in the final essay. Each entry (work that you will be using in your essay) will begin with a properly formatted citation as it would appear on the Works Cited page of the essay. Following the citation, there will be a one paragraph (~150 word) abstract of the source. This abstract will include:

A brief, non-evaluative summary of the source. This should include the main argument of the source and the types of support that the source uses to support that argument.
A brief CRAAP evaluation of the source and justification of why this is a credible source to consider for your argument.
How this source relates to your research question and how you intend to use it in the essay. This must include the specific scholarly move(s) that you intend to use to incorporate this text in your essay.
The entire annotated bibliography should be around 900-1000 words (~4 pages). This should not be difficult to achieve if you answer each of these questions for each of 5 sources. For more information, see the Annotated Bibliography assignment.

Drafts
As usual, we will follow a multiple draft process for this essay. Your first draft will be due by class time on Tuesday, November 30th. The revised draft will be due by class time on Thursday, December 2nd. The final draft of this essay will be due on Tuesday, December 7th.

Key Features of an Argumentative Essay
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A Well-Focused, Well-Presented Research Issue
The assignment in its entirety is far too large to address in one, 5-6 page essay. Therefore, it is important to focus your topic on one aspect that you can discuss adequately in the space allotted. There are two things to address when focusing the issue:

Developing a focused research question – Before you begin researching your essay, you should develop a research question. This is the point of inquiry for your research. When you are seeking sources, you are looking for ways they answer this question.
Framing the issue – Think about framing the issue the same way you would when you crop and resize a photo. You are trying to direct the viewer’s eye to a specific part of the photograph. This is the same with your research issue. The topic itself is so vast, you will have to direct the reader’s attention to the specific part that you will be addressing in your essay.
A Well-Supported Position (Argument)
The essays thesis must clearly state a position (argument) that you are taking on the issue and the essay must support that position. A position is an idea based on reasons and evidence. It is not a fact that can be proven or disproven and it is not a belief that must be taken on faith. The position must be supported by evidence that you have found through research and the interview. The position must be clearly tied to the focus of the issue presented. All evidence provided for the position must clearly relate to the thesis and they must come from credible sources. The position must appeal to readers employing rhetorical strategies of logos, pathos, and ethos where appropriate.

An Effective Response to Opposing Views
The essay must refute or concede to opposing positions through either a Rogerian style of argumentation or an Aristotelian style of argumentation. In an Aristotelian style of argumentation, writer’s refute opposing positions by showing why that view is weak or flawed. A Rogerian argument seeks to make a connection with the reader by conceding some of their opposing position and building a bridge through synthesis. Writers may use a combination of these methods of responding to opposing stances.

A Logical Organization
For this essay, the thesis statement should appear early in the essay, no later than 1-1.5 pages into the essay. It should appear directly after the introduction to the issue. The thesis statement must clearly state the position, but it may also forecast the support that will be used in the order in which it will appear in the essay. Topic sentences should be employed in each paragraph and paragraphs should be focused and concise. The essay should use logical transitions to indicate how support is being employed in the essay (due to…, because…), qualifications and exceptions (may find…, however…) concessions and refutations (admittedly, despite this…), conclusions (therefore), as well as to enumerate the reasons given in the essay (first, finally). Essays should employ a mix of paraphrases, direct quotes, and summaries where appropriate and sources should be effectively introduced and analyzed using the “sandwich” method.

Adapted from Axelrod, Rise B. and Charles R. Cooper. The St. Martin’s Guide to Writing: 10th Edition. Bedford St. Martin’s, 2013. 245-49.

Argumentative Essay Rubric
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Requirements	Description	Yes	No
Basic Requirements	Essay responds to the essay assignment, incorporates the required sources, provides a works cited page, and meets other basic requirements.	The essay meets the basic requirements and will be graded according to the objective areas.	The essay does not meet the objective requirements and will be returned for resubmission.

Objective	Description
Thesis	The essay is focused with a thesis that goes beyond obvious connections or common knowledge to explore an issue that is complex and interesting to readers.
Conversation with Sources	Writer selects powerful, relevant evidence from sources. Summary, paraphrase, and quotation are used purposefully and effectively. Writer summarizes ideas/concepts from sources to offer context for readers not familiar with the sources. Writer demonstrates effective use of signal phrases and end citations with each quotation, paraphrase, or summary of sources. Writer uses “sandwich” method for incorporating sources.
Use of Evidence	Writer’s discussion develops throughout the essay by introducing evidence or examples that support, develop, or complicate the initial thesis. Writer’s argument is developed via synthesis of research (rather than on personal opinion) and demonstrates critical thinking and analysis.
Development and Complexity	Writer engages in sustained analysis as claims and evidence are discussed. Writer clarifies what is at stake in the discussion or why this issue/idea matters. The argument is supported by clear reasons for the argument which are supported by research. Additionally, the writer shows awareness of, and anticipates, audience response. For readers, the writer’s thesis develops and evolves as the essay progresses.
Organization and Progression	Writer’s introduction effectively leads readers into the complex argument the paper will examine. Writer’s organization moves back and forth between evidence and claims that connect to each other and to the main argument guiding the paper. Writer’s conclusion culminates the discussion appropriately by pursuing implications or an answer to “so what?” The ending avoids unnecessary repetition and leaves reader still thinking.
Expression and Conventions	Writer demonstrates evidence of proofreading and editing of sentences, punctuation, and spelling in order to maximize clarity and minimize distractions for readers. Writer edits and crafts for clarity, coherence, and/or emphasis. Clear transitions connect paragraphs and sentences. The writer shows an awareness of audience and takes an appropriate tone (for an analytical discussion/scholarly essay). Writer shows care in formatting and includes MLA (9th ed.) in-text citations and a works cited page.

Evaluation Schema

Pandemic & students’ relationship to technology ESSAY

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