PSY 201 Discussion Neurological and Developmental Disorders Essay

PSY 201 Discussion Neurological and Developmental Disorders

PSY 201 Discussion Neurological and Developmental Disorders

Have one group member attach your group project to a new thread to share with your class. All group members should review the other projects and provide constructive feedback.

DQ2 ADHD

Based on the unit resources, do you believe that ADHD is merely a behavioral disorder, or do you believe there is an underlying neurological component? Do you believe medication should be prescribed for children with ADHD? If you were charged with developing an intervention (treatment/behavioral) plan for a child with ADHD, what components would you include in your plan? Support your positions with cited resources.

DQ3 Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is becoming increasingly diagnosed in children. What is bipolar disorder in children? How does it differ behaviorally and neurologically from bipolar disorder in adults? If you were charged with developing an intervention (treatment/behavioral) plan for a child with Bipolar disorder, what components would you include in your plan? Incorporate the research findings from the readings and your own research to support your position.

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Bipolar disorders account for about 11 percent of the neuropsychiatric disease burden and about 1 percent of the total disease burden in developing countries.
Between 25 and 50 percent of patients in developed countries with bipolar disorder are estimated to attempt suicide, and as many as 15 percent complete the act.
Predisposition to bipolar disorder may be inherited; other apparent risk or precipitating factors include substance abuse, living in an urban setting, and lack of education. The significant impact of social and environmental factors on the presentation, course, and incidence of bipolar disorder argues for increased research in developing countries.
There is no known course of primary prevention for bipolar disorder. Risk factors and the physical and psychological symptoms of the disorder can be reduced and controlled but not eliminated following diagnosis.
Treatment for bipolar disorder often requires a combination of medications, few of which have been tested in developing countries. Acute episodes of mania are best treated with antipsychotic medications or high doses of mood stabilizers; acute episodes of depression can be treated with antidepressant medication and electroconvulsive treatment.
Once acute symptoms are under control, active treatment with mood stabilizers, possibly including psychosocial interventions, must be undertaken to prevent the illness from becoming increasingly severe.
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DEFINITION
One of the first descriptions of mania dates from 30AD,[1] but it was not until the conceptual separation of schizophrenia from other psychoses and the description of mania by Kraepelin in 1921 [2] that focused research and attempts to define mania accurately began. The discovery of lithium therapy as an effective treatment for mania argued for the origins of this disorder as being biological. The subsequent research precipitated by these findings revealed bipolar disorder (also known as manic-depressive illness) as a distinct diagnosable condition.

Despite the strong neurobiological indicators that have been discovered for bipolar disorder,[3,4,5 and 6] diagnosis is made on the basis of characteristic symptoms of mood disorder, which include alternating episodes of extreme elevation of mood (mania) and severe depression.[7] Elevated mood can be accompanied by delusions, hallucinations, insomnia, and extreme excitement, and depressive states by persistent low mood or sadness that is accompanied by both physical and psychological symptoms of at least 2 weeks duration and an associated impact on social functioning.

Kraepelin characterized manic psychosis by its periodic course, good prognosis, and mood symptoms in the acute phase.[2] It is important to note that bipolar disorder remains a clinical syndrome and that the neurobiology underlying its causes is not yet fully known. There is at present no biological test or marker that can identify the disease (or a predisposition to it) independently of clinical assessment (e.g., recognizing a family history of the disorder). Both standardized diagnostic mechanisms for disease, the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10),[8] and the (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, fourth edition (DSM-IV) still rely on the course of the illness

PSY 201 Discussion Neurological and Developmental Disorders Essay

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