SOC 280 Discussion Sociological Perspectives
SOC 280 Discussion Sociological Perspectives
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Write My Essay For MeDiscussion Prompt 1: In your own words, define discrimination and prejudice and provide at least two examples of each. Include both institutional discrimination and institutional racism.
Discussion Prompt 2:Review the following website, which provides statistics if the world were 100 people. http://100people.org/statistics_100stats.php?section=statistics
What is your reaction to this? Discuss this project in terms of global inequality, which you studied in this weekâ€s materials. How could the different sociological perspectives explain global inequality?
In this section, you’ll learn about how sociologists use paradigms to understand the social world. A paradigm is a broad viewpoint, perspective, or lens that permit social scientists to have a wide range of tools to describe society, and then to build hypotheses and theories. You can also consider paradigms to be guiding principles or belief systems. In the text, you’ll sometimes see the word paradigm used interchangeably with perspective, theory, or approach.
In sociology, there are three main paradigms: the functionalist paradigm, the conflict paradigm, and the symbolic interactionist paradigm. These are not all of the paradigms, however, and we’ll consider others as well as more specific topic-based variations of each of the “Big Three” theories. As you read through the material in this section, consider which paradigm resonates the most with your own views about society.
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SOC 280 Discussion Sociological Perspectives
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Explain sociological theories
Summarize the structural-functional theory
Apply the structural-functional theory
Summarize conflict theory
Apply conflict theory
Summarize symbolic interactionism
Apply symbolic interactionism
Differentiate between theoretical perspectives in the study of a particular social issue
The Main Sociological Theories
People holding posters and waving flags outside at a protest rally.
Figure 1. Sociologists develop theories to explain social occurrences such as protest rallies. (Photo courtesy of voanews.com/Wikimedia Commons)
Sociologists study social events, interactions, and patterns, and they develop a theory in an attempt to explain why things work as they do. A sociological theory seeks to explain social phenomena. Theories can be used to create a testable proposition, called a hypothesis, about society (Allan 2006).
Theories vary in scope depending on the scale of the issues that they are meant to explain. Macro-level theories relate to large-scale issues and large groups of people, while micro-level theories look at very specific relationships between individuals or small groups. Grand theories attempt to explain large-scale relationships and answer fundamental questions such as why societies form and why they change. Sociological theory is constantly evolving and should never be considered complete. Classic sociological theories are still considered important and current, but new sociological theories build upon the work of their predecessors and add to them (Calhoun 2002).
In sociology, a few theories provide broad perspectives that help explain many different aspects of social life, and these are called paradigms. Paradigms are philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them. Three paradigms have come to dominate sociological thinking, because they provide useful explanations: structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism.
SOC 280 Discussion Sociological Perspectives ESSAY
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