Social Welfare And Policy II

Social Welfare And Policy II

Textbook Reading is Attached

Chapter Seven: The Early 20th Century and Welfare and Chapter 8: Classical Sociologists and their impact on Ideology in the United States.

Lesson 6 Discussion A

(In 250 Words)

On one page, discuss your view of progressives and what they stood for in the early 1900s and compare them to the progressives of today. Are they similar? What are the differences?

Lesson 6 Discussion B

(In 250 Words)

On one page, pick two classical sociologists and state what you agree with or disagree with and why.

[Type here]

Social Welfare I

Social Welfare And Policy II

Contents Chapter 1 What is Social Work? Chapter 2 The Beginnings of Social Work Chapter 3 History of Welfare during Colonial Times Chapter 4 Colonial Life Continued Chapter 5 Indoor Relief Chapter 6 Social Welfare in the late 1800s Chapter 7 The Early 20th Century and Welfare Chapter 8 Classical Sociologists and Their Impact on Ideology in the United States Chapter 9 Society and How It Changes and Affects Social Welfare Policy Chapter 10 Application of Welfare Policy

Chapter One

Social Welfare And Policy II

What is Social Work

Questions that most people have regarding social work are the following: Just what is social work? What does it mean to be a social worker? What are social workers trying to accomplish?

Social workers have many different types of jobs that help people and communities. The following is a typical list of things social workers do. Leon Ginsberg (1998) wrote a great book on Careers in Social Work. In Ginsberg book the author lists some of the jobs for social workers. They are as follows:

1. Working in Government Agencies such as Jobs and Family Services.

2. Working in Mental Health areas such counseling.

3. Working in the Health field such as hospitals and nursing homes.

4. Working in Children Services such as foster care, adoptions, and children homes.

5. Working in Adult and Juvenile Detention centers and in probation departments.

6. Advocating for social policy at the government level, local, state and federal.

Social work is a practice profession meaning that it is typically a hands-on profession. It is not sociology, psychology or Psychiatry. But social work does use the scientific information gathered by Sociologists, Psychologists and Psychiatrists to help individuals whatever the problem may be. A social worker is professionally educated and trained to help people who live in a state of stress, who are disadvantaged, disabled, abused, or have mental conditions (Ginsberg, 1998). The goal is to hopefully help someone to become more emotional and psychologically stable after seeing a social worker or just helping a person solve a problem. There is a specific methodology that social workers are trained to use based on scientific knowledge. It is called the generalist practice of social work.

The authors Cox, Tice and Long (2019) state in their book titled: “Introduction to Social Work” that social work is a profession because it requires specialized, formal training and certification.” To be considered a social worker one needs at least a bachelor’s degree and, in some states, a master’s degree (MSW). Individuals can work assisting social workers with an associate degree.

Social Welfare And Policy II

Social work degree programs are regulated by state licensing boards. Many Colleges and Universities for Bachelor and Master’s degree programs should adhere to the standards for social work illustrated by CSWE the Counsel on Social Work Education. This accreditation body makes sure that a college or university meets universal standards across the board regarding Generalist Social Work Practice.

There are nine major Social Work Competencies put forwarded by CSWE for all bachelor’s degree programs. Cox, Tice and Long (2019) summarizes these Competencies and they are as follows:

1. Demonstrate ethical and professional behavior

2. Engage in diversity and difference in practice

3. Advance human rights and social, economic and environmental justices

4. Engage in practice-informed research and research-informed practice

5. Engage in policy practice

6. Engage with individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities

7. Assess with individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities

8. Intervene with individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities

9. Evaluate practice with individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities.

All these expectations are met within a degree program. Students usually take courses in Social Welfare, Research methodology, Human Behavior and the social environment, Sociology, Psychology, Race and Ethnicity, Ethics and many other related fields of study.

Summary

Social work is a helping profession. There are high standards and expectations of training put forward by the Council on Social Work Education. Social Workers work in variety of settings. To be a social worker one needs at least a bachelor’s degree. One can work as an assistant to a social worker with an associate degree.

Chapter Two

The beginnings of Social Work

Social work came about because human needs could not always be met by the individual. Human needs generally include the following:

1. Must have food to survive

2. Clothing to keep warm in the winter

3. Shelter from the environmental elements

4. A safe environment to live

5. Healthy emotional relationships. Research indicates that children who do not receive love from their parents have lower levels of self-esteem and have a hard time demonstrating emotion to someone else later in life.

6. Having the opportunity to develop whatever innate characteristics exist. To make use of whatever one is born with. Without effective socialization more problems exist for the individual in terms of mental health, health in general and lower levels of self-esteem.

As a result of these needs there has been an ongoing debate as to what is the best way to address these needs that people have. The two extremes are 1. Having the government do everything and 2. Having individuals fend for themselves. Most societies have a combination of these two ideologies in place. But the argument as to what degree goes back centuries.

In the United States the philosophy of rugged individualism has been a powerful philosophy since colonial times. Emile Durkheim a famous classical sociologist of the 19th century in France used this term to describe certain societies. The philosophy is that everyone is on their own. It is a survival of the fittest position. The United States had historically advocated that the individual is responsible for their life situation. The other side of the argument is that not everyone has the same opportunity regarding their start in life. Some people are born with an advantage and some with a disadvantage. So, the question becomes who will help those who need help. There have been numerous methodologies utilized by societies to help people. They are as follows:

1. Mutual Aid: This probably is the oldest form of help. This is simply people helping people. Children taking care of their parents for example. Neighbors helping each other. Self-help groups also fit this category. This is okay until the problem becomes too massive. In modern times people do not have the time or the skills necessary to do all of this. But it is a method used and advocated by certain groups in society.

2. Charity-Philanthropy: This is when rich people and/or organizations who have money donate this money to help those in need. Many schools, orphanages, hospitals, and nursing homes were built with private donations. This will be discussed later but two organizations that emerge from the Charity-Philanthropy movement after the breakup of feudalism were the Charity Organization Societies and the settlement housing movement. The Charity Organization Societies had individuals who worked for them known as the friendly visitors. These visitors were mostly women who had money who would visit poor people and advise them on living. These women tried to get the poor people to have the same values as them. The friendly visitors were really some of the first social workers. Many people believed that the problem with poor people was their immorality and all the friendly visitors had to do was change the morality of the poor person.

The settlement housing movement rested on the belief that if the rich people or at least some of them would just move into poor areas that poor people would see how the rich lived and this would change the neighborhood. These people believed the environment played a big role in how people turned out. They wanted scientific research to support whatever decisions they made in reshaping the environment to help people. Thus, the beginnings of using the findings of sociology to implement change. Relying on science is a good thing but the difficulty with this movement is that the problem is so big that there is not a big enough pot of money or willing contributors to help out although social workers will take whatever is available to help people.

3. Public Welfare: This system goes all the way back to the English Poor Law of 1601 which we will discuss later. But public welfare started out with indoor relief that is providing care within institutions. This was extremely popular in the 17 and 18th century. This was done primarily at the local and state level until 1935 when major changes in the role of the federal government occurred.

4. Social Insurance: This is a category where taxes are collected from individuals (employees) and employers to finance government sponsored programs. Medicare, Workman’s Compensation, unemployment benefits, and Social Security fit this category. Many European countries had programs like this way sooner than the United States.

5. Social Services: This is a type of social work in which the social worker offers advice maybe in the terms of counseling if one has the license or providing information that the public needs such as public service announcements, family planning information, and even educational advice.

6. Universal Provision: The United States due to rugged individualism does not do this for many types of services. This is a provision in which services go to everyone such as the Center for disease information. People who advocate for a basic check of money to go to every individual would fit this category. Family allowances is what some countries provide. But again, with the rugged individualism this has never been popular in the United States.

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