SOCS 325 Discussion Activity-Toxins In The Body Essay

SOCS 325 Discussion Activity-Toxins In The Body

SOCS 325 Discussion Activity-Toxins In The Body

Activity – Toxins in the Body: List some of the toxins that
persist in the human body, and the potential sources of those toxins in your
environment. What are the substances that your body comes into contact with
during a normal day? Make up a dialogue between your body and your environment
and submit a paper. The paper must be double spaced, minimum two-pages in
length, and in APA format.

In science, a toxin is often considered a specific type of poison – a poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms. Some scientists, though, refer to toxins as they would any poison and call those toxins that have a living source ‘biotoxins’ or ‘natural toxins’. Venoms are toxins that are injected by a bite (for example, from a spider) or sting (for example, from a wasp) to cause their effect.

Five of the seven most deadly known compounds have their source in nature (see list above). Toxins may be classified as exotoxins (those excreted by an organism, for example, bufotoxin) or endotoxins (toxins that are structurally part of bacteria, for example, botulinum).

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The most toxic compound is the toxin botulinum, produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It is a million times more deadly than the most deadly manufactured compound – dioxin. Botulinum is the compound that is used in Botox® – a popular method of reducing wrinkles from the skin. The toxin blocks nerve impulses and temporarily paralyses the muscles that cause wrinkles, giving the skin a smoother appearance. Botulinum is also used for medical procedures such as the treatment of muscle spasms.

Toxins cause harm to organisms when the toxic compound comes in contact with or is absorbed by body tissues. These compounds interact with parts of the body. Toxins vary greatly in the severity of their affect, ranging from minor but acute (bee stings) to almost immediately deadly (botulinum).

They can be classified according to the location of the body where their effects are most notable:

Hemotoxins (for example, found in some snakes) destroy red blood cells and cause general tissue damage.
Phototoxins (for example, alpha-terthienyl found in marigold plants) cause allergic reactions in susceptible individuals.
Necrotoxins (for example, necrotising fasciitis – flesh-eating bacteria) destroy cells they encounter and cause general tissue damage. South African sand spiders use necrotic venom.
Neurotoxins (for example, tetrodotoxin found in pufferfish and some grey side-gilled sea slugs) affect the nervous system of organisms. Black widow spiders use neurotoxins.
The function of toxins
Toxins in nature have two primary functions:

Predation – killing a potential meal (for example, spiders, wasps, jellyfish and sea anemones).
Defence – discouraging the predator (for example, honey bees, ants and monarch butterflies, and plants such as broccoli produce a toxin to discourage insects from eating them).
Antidotes
Antidotes or cures for particular toxins are produced using the toxin itself. Small doses of the toxin are injected into an animal to stimulate the animal’s immune system to produce antibodies to destroy the toxin. Serum (containing the antibodies) is harvested from the animal’s blood, and this serum with the antibodies becomes the antidote for that particular toxin. Some toxins have no known antidote, such as highly poisonous aconitine – a toxin derived from the aconite plant species. However, this toxin can be given in small doses as a calming medicine!

SOCS 325 Discussion Activity-Toxins In The Body Essay

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